Toolkit

Methods

Research toolkit

Methods & Techniques

A curated overview of the experimental and computational methods we use to explore sensory systems, from mechanotransduction to behaviour and data analysis.

Explore all methods

How a method becomes a result

These mock-up modules show how each method could later combine a concise explanation, a representative output and practical context.

Non-contact vibration measurement

Laser Doppler vibrometry

A laser beam reads surface velocity without loading the structure. The new module combines a corrected optical schematic with a wave-based explanation of Doppler shifting and heterodyne detection.

Example outputCorrected optical layouts, interactive Doppler-wave teaching views, velocity spectra and phase relationships across stimulus frequency.
Explore the interactive Doppler module

Electrical readout of sensory function

Electrophysiology

Patch-clamp and extracellular recordings reveal how mechanical input is converted into receptor currents, spikes and circuit activity.

Example outputCurrent–displacement curves, adaptation kinetics and stimulus-locked neural responses.

Activity and molecular context

Calcium & fluorescence imaging

Fluorescent reporters connect cell identity, intracellular signalling and spatially resolved activity during stimulation or behaviour.

Example outputTime-resolved fluorescence traces, response maps and co-localisation measurements.

Movement at biological timescales

High-speed imaging

Fast cameras capture structures and behaviours that are invisible at conventional frame rates, from hair-bundle motion to wing-beat dynamics.

Example outputSub-pixel trajectories, displacement maps and synchronized motion–force measurements.

Method families

This can later link to method notes, protocols and example datasets.

mechanics · placeholder

Laser Doppler vibrometry

Non-contact measurements of nanometre-scale vibrations in antennae, chordotonal organs, hair bundles and other sensory structures.

Typical question
How does a sensory structure amplify, filter or phase-shift a mechanical stimulus?
Representative output
Frequency-response curves, resonance peaks and calibrated displacement or velocity traces.
Open interactive explanation

physiology · placeholder

Electrophysiology

Patch clamp, extracellular recordings and mechanically evoked responses to connect force, motion and electrical signalling.

Typical question
How does motion change membrane current, excitability or synaptic output?
Representative output
Current traces, spike trains, activation curves and adaptation time constants.

imaging · placeholder

Calcium imaging

Optical readout of activity across cells and circuits during controlled sensory stimulation and behaviour.

Typical question
Which cells respond, when do they respond and how is activity distributed in space?
Representative output
ΔF/F traces, region-of-interest maps and trial-averaged response heatmaps.

imaging · placeholder

High-speed imaging

Tracking rapid motion of sensory structures and behaviour from kilohertz to very high frame rates.

Typical question
What moves first, how far does it move and how does motion couple across structures?
Representative output
Motion trajectories, optical-flow fields and frame-synchronized kinematic measurements.

molecular · placeholder

Molecular biology

Genotyping, PCR, cloning, expression analysis and molecular perturbations used to link genes to sensory function.

Typical question
Which genes, isoforms or molecular perturbations change sensory function?
Representative output
Genotypes, expression profiles, constructs and validated perturbation panels.

cell biology · placeholder

Cell culture

Primary and established cell systems for mechanistic experiments, molecular manipulation and assay development.

Typical question
Can a mechanism be isolated and tested in a controlled cellular environment?
Representative output
Dose–response curves, live-cell imaging and molecular or mechanical assay readouts.

model systems · placeholder

Drosophila genetics & fly work

Stock maintenance, genetic crosses, targeted expression and behavioural or physiological phenotyping in Drosophila.

Typical question
Which cells and genes are necessary or sufficient for a sensory phenotype?
Representative output
Cross schemes, genotype-confirmed cohorts and behavioural or physiological phenotypes.

model systems · placeholder

Mosquito work

Auditory physiology, sensory mechanics and behavioural assays in mosquitoes with a focus on sex-specific hearing and communication.

Typical question
How do sex, species and acoustic context shape mosquito hearing and behaviour?
Representative output
Auditory tuning curves, behavioural trajectories and sex-specific response profiles.

behaviour · placeholder

Behavioural assays

Connecting sensory input to attraction, avoidance, orientation, courtship and movement in controlled environments.

Typical question
How does a controlled stimulus change choice, orientation or social behaviour?
Representative output
Tracks, occupancy maps, event probabilities and stimulus-aligned behavioural metrics.

analysis · placeholder

Quantitative image & signal analysis

Custom Python workflows for tracking, synchronization, spectral analysis and combining mechanical, optical and electrical signals.

Typical question
How can heterogeneous signals be aligned, quantified and compared reproducibly?
Representative output
Automated tracking, spectral summaries, synchronized datasets and quality-control reports.

stimulation · placeholder

Precision mechanical stimulation

Fluid jets, piezo-driven probes and calibrated mechanical stimuli for controlled excitation of mechanosensory systems.

Typical question
How does a known force waveform drive a mechanosensory system?
Representative output
Calibrated stimulus profiles, force–displacement relationships and frequency sweeps.

microscopy · placeholder

Fluorescence & anatomical imaging

Structural and molecular imaging to connect anatomy, membrane composition and cellular organization to function.

Typical question
How are structure, molecular composition and function spatially related?
Representative output
Confocal stacks, anatomical reconstructions and quantitative intensity distributions.
Calcium imaging setup as a 3D Gaussian-splat preview

Methods in three dimensions

Explore the lab in 3D

Inspect the calcium-imaging workstation as a locally hosted Gaussian splat. Future experimental setups can be added to the same tour selector.

Gaussian SplatCalcium imagingLocally hosted
Open the Lab Tour